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Advanced Information Preliminary OV6630/OV6130
OV6630 SINGLE-CHIP CMOS CIF COLOR DIGITAL CAMERA OV6130 SINGLE-CHIP CMOS CIF B&W DIGITAL CAMERA
Features
101,376 pixels, 1/4" lens, CIF/QCIF format Progressive scan read out Data format - YCrCb 4:2:2, GRB 4:2:2, RGB Raw Data 8/16 bit video data: ITU-601, ITU-656, ZV port Wide dynamic range, anti-blooming, zero smearing Electronic exposure/gain/white balance control Image enhancement - brightness, contrast, gamma, saturation, sharpness, window, etc. Internal/external synchronization Frame exposure/line exposure option 3.3-Volt operation, low power dissipation - < 20 mA active power - < 10 A in power-save mode Gamma correction (0.45/0.55/1.00) 2 I C programmable (400 kb/s): - Color saturation, brightness, contrast, white balance, exposure time, gain
General Description
The OV6630 (color) and OV6130 (black and white) CMOS Image sensors are single-chip video/imaging camera devices designed to provide a high level of functionality in a single, small-footprint package. Both devices incorporate a 352 x 288 image array capable of operating up to 60 frames per second image capture. Proprietary sensor technology utilizes advanced algorithms to cancel Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN), eliminate smearing, and drastically reduce blooming. All needed camera functions including exposure control, gamma, gain, white balance, color matrix, windowing, and more, are programmable 2 through an I C interface. Both devices can be programmed to provide image output in 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit digital formats. Applications include: Video Conferencing, Video Phone, Video Mail, Still Image, and PC Multimedia.
AGCEN
RESET
DEVDD
DEGND
ASUB
HVDD
FREX
SVDD
SGND
MULT
SDA
SCL
48
47
46
45
44
43
Array Element(CIF) (QCIF)
42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 CHSYNC/BW V0/CBAR Y1 Y2/G2X Y3/RGB Y4/CS1 Y5/SHARP Y6/CS2 Y7/CS0 PCLK/PWDB DOVDD DOGND
356x292 (176x144) 9m x 8.2m 3.1mm x 2.5mm Up to 60 FPS Up to 500:1 (for selected FPS) Progressive 0.45/0.55/1.0 OV6630 - < 3lux @ f1.2 OV6130 - < 0.5lux @ f1.2 > 48 dB (AGC off, Gamma=1) < 0.03% VPP < 0.2nA/cm2 > 72 dB 2.7-3.6VDC 5VDC/3.3VDC (DIO) < 20mA active < 10A Standby 48 pin LCC
6
4
3
5
2
1
AGND AVDD PWDN VRCAP1 VcCHG IICB VTO ADVDD ADGND VSYNC/CSYS FODD/CLK HREF/VSFRAM
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
OV6630/ OV6130
Pixel Size Image Area Max Frames/Sec Electronics Exposure Scan Mode Gamma Correction Min. Illumination (3000K) S/N Ration FPN Dark Current Dynamic Range Power Supply Power Requirements Package
Figure 1. OV6630/OV6130 Pin Assignments
Note: Outputs UV0-UV7 are not available on the OV6130. The inputs associated with these respective pins are still functional.
OmniVision Technologies, Inc. 930 Thompson Place Sunnyvale, CA 94086 U.S.A. Tel: (408) 733-3030 Fax: (408) 733-3061 e-mail: info@ovt.com Website: http://www.ovt.com Version 1.0, March 4, 2000
19 UV7/B8
20 UV6/ABKEN
21 UV5/MIR
22 UV4
23 UV3
24 UV2/QCIF
25 UV1/CC656
26 UV0/GAMMA
27 XCLK1
28 XCLK2
29 DVDD
30 DGND
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS Table 1. Pin Description
Pin No. 01 02 03 Name SVDD RESET AGCEN Pin Type VIN Function (Default=0) Function (Default=0) Function/Description Array power (+3.3VDC) Chip reset, active high Automatic Gain Control (AGC) selection "0" - Disable AGC "1" - Enable AGC Note: This function is disabled when OV6630/OV6130 sensor is configured in I2C mode. Frame exposure control "0" - Disable frame exposure control "1" - Enable frame exposure control Charge pump voltage. Connect to ground through 10F capacitor. Analog substrate voltage. Analog ground Analog power supply (+3.3VDC) Power down mode selection. "0" - Normal mode. "1" - Power down mode. Array reference. Connect to ground through 0.1F capacitor. Internal voltage reference. Connect to ground through 1F capacitor. I2C enable selection. "0" - Enable I2C "1" - Enable auto-control mode Luminance composite signal output (black/white in PAL standard). Analog power supply (+3.3VDC) Analog signal ground Vertical sync output. At power up, read as CSYS. Field ID FODD output or main clock output HREF output. At power up, read as VSFRAM Bit 7 of U video component output. At power up, sampled as B8. * Note: Output UV7 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 6 of U video component output. At power up, sampled as ABKEN. * Note: Output UV6 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 5 of U video component output. At power up, sampled as MIR. * Note: Output UV5 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 4 of U video component output. * Note: Output UV4 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 3 of U video component output. * Note: Output UV3 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 2 of U video component output. At power up, sampled as QCIF. * Note: Output UV2 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 1 of U video component output. At power up, sampled as CC656. * Note: Output UV1 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Bit 0 of U video component output. At power up, sampled as GAMMA. * Note: Output UV0 is not available on the OV6130 sensor. Crystal clock input Crystal clock output Digital power supply (+3.3VDC) Digital ground Digital interface output buffer ground Digital interface output buffer power supply (+3.3VDC or 5VDC) PCLK output. At power up sampled as PWDB. Bit 7 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as CS0. Bit 6 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as CS2. Bit 5 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as SHAPR. Bit 4 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as CS1. Bit 3 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as RGB. Version 1.0 2
04
FREX
Function (Default=0) VREF (4V) VIN VIN VIN Function (Default=0) VREF (1.5V) VREF (2.7V) Function (Default=0) O VIN VIN I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I O VIN VIN VIN VIN I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O
05 06 07 08 09
HVDD ASUB AGND AVDD PWDN
10 11 12
VRCAP1 VCCHG IICB
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
VTO ADVDD ADGND VSYNC/CSYS FODD/CLK HREF/VSFRAM * UV7/B8
*
UV6/ABKEN UV5/MIR UV4 UV3 UV2/QCIF UV1/CC656 UV0/GAMMA
*
*
*
*
*
*
XCLK1 XCLK2 DVDD DGND DOGND DOVDD PCLK/PWDB Y7/CS0 Y6/CS2 Y5/SHARP Y4/CS1 Y3/RGB
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39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Y2/G2X Y1 Y0/CBAR CHSYNC/BW DEGND DEVDD SCL SDA MULT I/O I/O I/O I/O VIN VIN I I/O Function (Default=0) VIN Bit 2 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as G2X. Bit 1 of Y video component output. Bit 0 of Y video component output. At power up, sampled as CBAR. CHSYNC output. At power up, sampled as BW. Decoder ground. Decoder power supply (+3.3VDC) I2C serial interface clock input. I2C serial interface data input and output. I2C slave selection "0" - Select single slave ID. "1" - Enable multiple (8) slaves. Array ground
48
SGND
1
1.1
Function Description
Overview
The OV6630/OV6130 sensor is a 1/4 inch CMOS imaging device. The sensor contains approximately 101,376 pixels. Its design is based on a field integration read-out system with line-by-line transfer and an electronic shutter with a synchronous pixel read out scheme. The color filter of the sensor consists of a primary color RG/GB array arranged in line-alternating fashion.
(Note: References to color features do not apply to the OV6130 B&W Digital Image Sensor.)
Referring to Figure 2 below, the OV6630 sensor includes a 356 x 292 resolution image array, an analog signal processor, dual 8-bit A/D converters, analog video multiplexer, digital data formatter, video port, I2C interface, registers, and digital controls that include timing block, exposure control, black level control, and white balance.
GAMMA
VTO
Analog Processing
Y Cb Cr
Formatter
MUX
A/D
Video port
SCL
R G B
DENB
Y[7:0]
MUX
A/D
UV[7:0]
Column Sense Amp Row Select
Exposure Detect
WB Detect
(356x292) Image Array
registers
1/2
Video Timing Generator
Exposure Control HREF PCLK WB Control I2C Interface
XCLK1
VSYNC
FODD
CHSYNC
MIR
AWBTH/ AWBTM
AWB
PROG
FZEX
SDA
Figure 2. OV6630/OV6130 CMOS Image Sensor Block Diagram March 4, 2000 Version 1.0 3
AGCEN
IICB
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
1.2
Analog Processor Circuits
1.2.2 Image Processing The algorithm used for the electronic exposure control is based on the brightness of the full image. The exposure is optimized for a "normal" scene that assumes the subject is well lit relative to the background. In situations where the image is not well lit, the automatic exposure control (AEC) white/black ratio may be adjusted to suit the needs of the application. Additional on-chip functions include AGC that provides a gain boost of up to 24dB White balance control that enables setting of proper color temperature and can be programmed for automatic or manual operation. Separate saturation, brightness, contrast, and sharpness adjustments allow for further fine-tuning of the picture quality and characteristics.
1.2.1 Overview The image is captured by the 356 x 292 pixel image array and routed to the analog processing section where the majority of signal processing occurs. This block contains the circuitry that performs color separation, color correction, automatic gain control (AGC), gamma correction, color balance, black level calibration, "knee" smoothing, aperture correction, controls for picture luminance and chrominance, and anti-alias filtering. The analog video signals are based on the following formula: Y = 0.59G + 0.31R + 0.11B U=R-Y V=B-Y Where R,G,B are the equivalent color components in each pixel. YCrCb format is also supported, based on the formula below: Y = 0.59G + 0.31R + 0.11B Cr = 0.713 (R - Y) Cb = 0.564 (B - Y) The YCrCb/RGB data signal from the analog processing section is fed to two on-chip 8-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converters: one for the Y/RG channel and one shared by the CrCb/BG channels. The converted data stream is further conditioned in the digital formatter. The processed signal is delivered to the digital video port through the video multiplexer which routes the user-selected 16-, 8-, or 4-bit video data to the correct output pins. The on-chip 8-bit A/D operates up to 9 MHz, and fully synchronous to the pixel rate. Actual conversion rate is related to the frame rate. A/D black-level calibration circuitry ensures: The black level of Y/RGB is normalized to a value of 16 The peak white level is limited to 240 CrCb black level is 128 CrCb Peak/bottom is 240/16 RGB raw data output range is 16/240
The OV6630 image sensor also provides control over the White Balance ratio for increasing/decreasing the image field Red/Blue component ratio. The sensor provides a default setting that may be sufficient for many applications. 1.2.3 Windowing The windowing feature of the OV6630/OV6130 image sensors allows user-definable window sizing as required by the application. Window size setting (in pixels) ranges from 2 x 2 to 356 x 292, and can be positioned anywhere inside the 356 x 292 boundary. Note that modifying window size and/or position does not change frame or data rate. The OV6630/OV6130 imager alters the assertion of the HREF signal to be consistent with the programmed horizontal and vertical region. The default output window is 352 x 288. 1.2.4 Zoom Video Port (ZV) The OV6630/OV6130 image sensor includes a Zoom Video (ZV) function that supports standard ZV Port interface timing. Signals available include VSYNC, CHSYNC, PCLK and 16-bit data bus: Y[7:0] and UV[7:0]. The rising edge of PCLK clocks data into the ZV port. See Figure 3. Zoom Video Port Timing below.
(Note: Values 0 and 255 are reserved for sync flag)
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Even Field 1 (FODD=0)
VSYNC
t8 t8
Odd Field 1 (FODD=1)
HREF
t6 t5 t4 t7
PCLK
t1 t3 t2
Y[7:0]/UV[7:0]
1 2 Valid Data 351 352
Horizontal Timing
VSYNC
TVS 1 Line TVE
Y[7:0]/UV[7:0]
TLINE
Vertical Timing
Figure 3. Zoom Video Port Timing
Notes: 1. Zoom Video Port format output signal includes: VSYNC: Vertical sync pulse. HREF: Horizontal valid data output window. PCLK: Pixel clock used to clock valid data and CHSYNC into Zoom V Port. Default frequency is 8.86MHz when use 17.73MHz as system clock. Rising edge of PCLK is used to clock the 16 Bit data. Y[7:0]: 8 Bit luminance data bus. UV[7:0]: 8 Bit chrominance data bus. All timing parameters are provided in Table 13. Zoom Video Port AC Parameters.
2.
1.2.5 QCIF Format A QCIF mode is available for applications where higher resolution image capture is not required. Only half of the pixel rate is required when programmed in this mode. Default resolution is 176 x 144 pixels and can be programmed for other resolutions. Refer to Table 7. QCIF Digital Output Format (YUV beginning of line) and Table 8. QCIF Digital Output Format (RGB raw data beginning of line) for further information.
1.2.6 Video Output The video output port of the OV6630/OV6130 image sensors provides a number of output format/standard options to suit many different application requirements. Table 2. Digital Output Format, below, indicates the output formats available. These formats are user programmable through the I2C interface (See I2C Bus Protocol Format).
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The OV6630/OV6130 imager supports both ITU-601 and ITU-656 output formats in the following configurations (See Table 3. 4:2:2 16bit Format for further details): - 16-bit, 4:2:2 format (This mode complies with the 60/50 Hz ITU-601 timing standard. See Table 3. 4:2:2 16-bit Format below) - 8-bit data mode (In this mode, video information is output in Cb Y Cr Y order using the Y port only and running at twice the pixel rate during which the UV port is inactive. See Table 4. 4:2:2 8-bit Format below) - 4-bit nibble mode (In the nibble mode, video output data appears at bits Y4Y7. The clock rate for the output runs at twice the normal output speed when in B/W mode, and 4 times the normal output speed in when in color mode.) - 704 x 288 format (When programmed in this mode, the pixel clock is doubled and the video output sequence is Y0Y0Y1Y1 *** and U0U0V0V0 ***. See Figure 4. Pixel Data Bus (YUV Output) below.) The OV6630/OV6130 imager provides VSYNC, HREF, PCLK, FODD, and CHSYNC as standard output video timing signals. The OV6630/OV6130 imager can also be programmed to provide RGB raw data in 16-bit, 8-bit, and 4-bit format. The output sequence is matched to the OV6630 color filter pattern (See Figure 5. Pixel Data Bus (RGB Output) below): - Y channel output sequence is G R G R - UV channel output sequence is B G B G The video output appears in Y channel only and the UV channel is disabled in 8-bit RGB raw data. The output sequence is B G R G. In RGB raw data ITU-656 modes, the OV6630/OV6130 imager asserts SAV (Start of Active Video) and EAV (End of Active Video) to indicate the beginning and the ending of HREF window. As a result, SAV and EAV change with the active pixel window. The 8-bit RGB raw data is also accessible without SAV and EAV information. The OV6630/OV6130 imager offers flexibility in YUV output format. The device may be programmed as standard YUV 4:2:2. The device may also be configured to "swap" the U V sequence. When swapped, the UV channel output sequence in the 16-bit configuration becomes: - V U V U***. The 8-bit configuration becomes: - V Y U Y***. The third format available in the 8-bit configuration is the Y/UV sequence swap: - Y U Y V***. The single-chip camera can be configured for use as a black and white image device. The vertical resolution is higher than in color mode. Video data output is provided at the Y port and the UV port is tristated. The data (Y/RGB) rate is equivalent to 16-bit in color mode. The MSB and LSB of Y/UV or RGB output can be reversed. Y7 is MSB and Y0 is LSB in the default setting. Y7 becomes LSB and Y0 becomes MSB in the reserve order configuration. Y2-Y6 are also reversed appropriately.
Table 2. Digital Output Format
Resolution YUV 4:2:2 Pixel Clock 16-bit 8-bit ITU-656 Nibble 16-bit 8-bit ITU-6561 Nibble 16-bit 8-bit YUV3 RGB4 16-bit 8-bit 16-bit 8-bit 352 x 288 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 704 x 288 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 176 x 144 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
RGB
Y/UV swap2 U/V swap YG One Line MSB/LSB swap
Note: ("Y" indicates mode/combination is supported by OV6630/OV6130) 1. Output is 8-bit in RGB ITU-656 format. SAV and EAV are inserted at the beginning and ending of HREF, which synchronize the acquisition of VSYNC and HSYNC. 8-bit data bus configuration (without VSYNC and CHSYNC) can provide timing and data in this format. March 4, 2000 Version 1.0 6
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
2. Y/UV swap is valid in 8-bit only. Y channel output sequence is Y U Y V *** 3. U/V swap means UV channel output sequence swap in YUV format, i.e., V U V U *** for 16 bit and V Y U Y *** for 8-bit. 4. U/V swap means neighbor row B R output sequence swap in RGB format. Refer to RGB raw data output format for further details.
Table 3. 4:2:2 16-bit Format
Data Bus Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 Y Frame UV Frame Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 0 0 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 1 Pixel Byte Sequence Y7 Y7 Y6 Y6 Y5 Y5 Y4 Y4 Y3 Y3 Y2 Y2 Y1 Y1 Y0 Y0 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 2 2 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 3 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 4 4 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 UV7 UV6 UV5 UV4 UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0 5
Table 4. 4:2:2 8-bit Format
Data Bus Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 Y Frame UV Frame U7 U6 U5 U4 U3 U2 U1 U0 0 01 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 V7 V6 V5 V4 V3 V2 V1 V0 Pixel Byte Sequence Y7 U7 Y6 U6 Y5 U5 Y4 U4 Y3 U3 Y2 U2 Y1 U1 Y0 U0 1 2 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 23 V7 V6 V5 V4 V3 V2 V1 V0 3
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SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
TCLK
PCLK
TSU THD
HREF
Y[7:0] UV[7:0]
10 80
Y U
Y V
10 80
Repeat for all data bytes
Pixel Data 16-bit Timing (PCLK rising edge latches data bus)
TCLK
PCLK
TSU THD
HREF
Y[7:0]
10
80
10
U
Y
V
Y
80
10
Repeat for all data bytes
Pixel Data 8-bit Timing (PCLK rising edge latches data bus)
Note: TCLK is pixel clock period.. TCLK=112ns for 16-bit output and TCLK=56ns for 8-bit output if the system clock is 17.73MHz. TSU is the setup time of HREF. The maximum is 15ns. THD is the hold time of HREF. The maximum is 15ns.
Figure 4. Pixel Data Bus (YUV Output)
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SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
TCLK
PCLK
TSU THD
HREF
Y[7:0] UV[7:0]
10 10
G B
R G
10 10
Repeat for all data bytes
Pixel Data 16-bit Timing (PCLK rising edge latches data bus)
TCLK
PCLK
TSU THD
HREF
Y[7:0]
10
10
10
B
G
R
G
10
10
Repeat for all data bytes
Pixel Data 8-bit Timing (PCLK rising edge latches data bus)
Note: TCLK is pixel clock period.. TCLK=112ns for 16-bit output and TCLK=56ns for 8-bit output if the system clock is 17.73MHz. TSU is the setup time of HREF. The maximum is 15ns. THD is the hold time of HREF. The maximum is 15ns.
Figure 5. Pixel Data Bus (RGB Output)
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The default U/UV channel output port relation before MSB/LSB swap
Table 5. Default Output Sequence
Output port Internal output data MSB Y7 Y7 Y6 Y6 Y5 Y5 Y4 Y4 Y3 Y3 Y2 Y2 Y1 Y1 LSB Y0 Y0
The relation after MSB/LSB swap changes to
Table 6. Swapped MSB/LSB Output Sequence
Output port Internal output data MSB Y7 Y0 Y6 Y1 Y5 Y2 Y4 Y3 Y3 Y4 Y2 Y5 Y1 Y6 LSB Y0 Y7
Table 7. QCIF Digital Output Format (YUV beginning of line)
Pixel # Y UV 1 Y0 U0, V0 2 Y1 U1, V1 3 Y2 U2, V2 4 Y3 U3, V3 5 Y4 U4, V4 6 Y5 U5, V5 7 Y6 U6, V6 8 Y7 U7, V7
- Y channel output Y2 Y3 Y6 Y7 Y10 Y11 *** - UV channel output U2 V3 U6 V7 U10 V11 *** - Half (176 pixels) data are outputted every line and only half line data (every other line, total 144 lines) in one frame.
Table 8. QCIF Digital Output Format (RGB raw data beginning of line)
Pixel # Line 1 Line 2 1 B0 G0 2 G1 R1 3 B2 G2 4 G3 R3 5 B4 G4 6 G5 R5 7 B6 G6 8 G7 R7
1. Default RGB two line output mode: - Y channel output G0 R1 G4 R5 G8 R9 *** - UV channel output B0 G1 B4 G5 B8 G9 *** - Every line output half data (176 pixels) and all lines (144 lines) data in one frame will be output. 2. YG two line output mode: - Y channel output G0 R1 G4 R5 G8 R9 *** - UV channel output B0 G1 B4 G5 B8 G9 ***
- Every line outputs half data (176 pixels) and all lines (144 lines) data in one frame will be output. 3. QCIF Resolution Digital Output Format - Y channel output Y2 Y3 Y6 Y7 Y10 Y11 *** - UV channel output U2 V3 U6 V7 U10 V11*** - Every line output data number is half (176 pixels) and only one half line data (every other line, total 144 lines) in one frame will be output.
Table 9. RGB Raw Data Format
R\C 1 2 3 4 289 290 291 292 1 B1,1 G2,1 B3,1 G4,1 B289,1 G290,1 B291,1 G292,1 2 G1,2 R2,2 G3,2 R4,2 G289,2 R290,2 G291,2 R292,2 3 B1,3 G2,3 B3,3 G4,3 B289,3 G290,3 B291,3 G292,3 4 G1,4 R2,4 G3,4 R4,4 G289,4 R290,4 G291,4 R292,4 *** 353 B1,353 G2,353 B3,353 G4,353 B289,353 G290,353 B291,353 G292,353 354 G1,354 R2,354 G3,354 R4,354 G289,354 R290,354 G291,354 R292,354 355 B1,355 G2,355 B3,355 G4,355 B289,355 G290,355 B291,355 G292,355 356 G1,356 R2,356 G3,356 R4,356 G289,356 R290,356 G291,356 R292,356
Notes: A. Y port output data sequence: G R G R G R *** or G G G G ***; UV port output data sequence: B G B G B G *** or B R B R ***; and the array color filter pattern is Bayer-Pattern. B. Output Modes 1. 16-bit Format (Total 292 HREFs) March 4, 2000 Version 1.0 10
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
Default mode: - 1st HREF Y channel output unstable data, UV output B11 G12 B13 G14 *** - 2nd HREF Y channel output G21 R22 G23 R24 ***, UV output B11 G12 B13 G14 *** - 3rd HREF Y channel output G21 R22 G23 R24 ***, UV output B31 G23 B33 G34 *** - Every line of data is output twice. YG mode: - 1st HREF Y and UV output unstable data. - 2nd HREF Y channel output G21 G12 G23 G14 ***, UV output B11 R22 B13 R24 *** - 3rd HREF Y is G21 G32 G23 G34 ***, UV channel is B31 R22 B33 R24 *** - Every line data output twice. One line mode: - 1st HREF Y channel output B11 G12 B13 G14 *** - 2nd HREF Y channel output G21 R22 G23 R24 *** - UV channel tri-state. 2. 8-bit Format (Total 292 HREFs) - 1st HREF Y channel output unstable data. - 2nd HREF Y channel output B11 G21 R22 G12 *** - 3rd HREF Y channel output B31 G21 R22 G32 *** - PCLK timing is doubled and PCLK rising edge latch data bus. UV channel tri-state. Every line data output twice. 3. 4-bit Nibble Mode Output Format - Uses higher 4 bits of Y port (Y[7:4]) as output port. - Supports YCrCb/RGB data, ITU-601/ITU-656 timing, Color/B&W. - Output sequence: High order 4 bits followed by lower order 4 bits Y0H Y0L Y1H Y1L *** U0H U0L V0H V0L *** For B/W or one-line RGB raw data, the output data clock speed is doubled. For color YUV, output clock is four times that of the 16-bit output data. In color mode, sensor must be set to 8-bit mode, and the nibble timing, clock divided by 2. Output sequence: U0H U0L Y0H Y0L V0H V0L Y1H Y1L *** It should be noted that FREX must remain high long enough to ensure the entire image array has been pre-charged. When data is being output from OV6630/OV6130, care must be taken so as not to expose the image array to light. This may affect the integrity of the image data captured. A mechanical shutter synchronized with the frame exposure rate can be used to minimize this situation. The timing of frame exposure is shown in Figure 7. Frame Exposure Timing below. 1.2.9 Reset OV6630/OV6130 includes a RESET pin (pin 2) that forces a complete hardware reset when it is pulled high (VCC). OV6630/OV6130 clears all registers and resets to their default values when a hardware reset occurs. Reset can also be initiated through the I2C interface. 1.2.10 Power Down Mode Two methods are available to place OV6630/OV6130 into powerdown mode: hardware power down and I2C software power down. To initiate hardware power down, the PWDN pin (pin 9) must be tied to high (+3.3VDC). When this occurs, OV6630/OV6130 internal device clock is halted and all internal counters are reset. The current draw is less than 10A in this standby mode.
1.2.7 Slave Mode Operation The OV6630/OV6130 can be programmed to operate in slave mode (COMI[6] = 1, default is master mode). HSYNC and VSYNC output signals are provided. When used as a slave device, the external master must provide the following clocks to OV6630/OV6130 imager: 1. System clock CLK to XCLK1 pin 2. Horizontal sync, HSYNC, to CHSYNC pin, positive assertion 3. Vertical frame sync, VSYNC, to VSYNC pin, positive assertion In slave mode, the OV6630/OV6130 tri-states CHSYNC (pin 42) and VSYNC (pin 16) output pins, and used as input pins. To synchronize multiple devices, OV6630/OV6130 uses external system clock, CLK, to synchronize external horizontal sync, HSYNC, which is then used to synchronize external vertical frame sync, VSYNC. See Figure 6. Slave Mode External Sync Timing for timing considerations. 1.2.8 Frame Exposure Mode OV6630/OV6130 supports frame. FREX (pin 4) is asserted by an external master device to set exposure time. The pixel array is quickly pre-charged when FREX is set to "1". OV6630/OV6130 captures the image in the time period when FREX remains high. The video data stream is delivered to output port in a line-by-line manner after FREX switches to "0".
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Executing a software power down through the I2C interface suspends internal circuit activity, but does not halt the device clock. The current requirements drop to less than 1mA in this mode. 1.2.11 Configure OV6630/OV6130 Two methods are provided to configure OV6630/OV6130 for specific application requirements. At power up, OV6630/OV6130 reads the status of certain pins to determine what, if any, power up pin programming default settings are requested. Once the reading of the external pins status is completed, the device configures its internal registers according to the specified pins. Not all device functions are available for configuration through external pins. Power up pin programming occurs in 1024 system clock cycles. A more flexible and comprehensive method to configure OV6630/OV6130 is to use its on-chip I2C register programming capability. The I2C interface provides access to all of the device's programmable internal registers. See I2C Bus Protocol Format for further details about using the I2C interface on the OV6630/OV6130 camera device.
TCLK
CLK
THS
HSYNC
1 Line=472 TCLK
VSYNC
1 Frame=625 x 472 TCLK Notes: THS > 6 TCLK (2), THS < TVS < 472 TCLK HSYNC period is (472 TCLK) VSYNC period is (625 x 472 TCLK) OV6630/OV6130 will be stable after 1 field (2nd VSYNC) TVS
Figure 6. Slave Mode External Sync Timing
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Mechanical Shutter Off
FREX
TIN
TSET THS
HSYNC
Precharge begins at the rising edge of HSYNC
ARRAY PRECHARGE DATA OUTPUT
TPR
Array Exposure Period TEX 1 Frame (292 Lines) Valid Data
Array Precharge Period TPR Invalid Data
Black Data THD Head of Valid Data (8 Lines) Next Frame
VSYNC
HREF
Note: TPR=292 x 4 x TCLK. TCLK is internal pixel period. TCLK=112ns if the system clock is 17.73MHz. TCLK will increase with the clock divider CLK[5:0]. TEX is array exposure time which is decided by external master device. TIN is uncertain time due to the using of HSYNC rising edge to synchronize FREX. TIN < THS. There are 8 lines data output before valid data after FREX=0. THD=4 THS. Valid data is output when HREF=1. TSET=TIN + TPR + TEX. TSET > TPR + TIN. The exposure time setting resolution is THS (one line) due to the uncertainty of TIN.
Figure 7. Frame Exposure Timing
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2
Electrical Characteristics
Descriptions Supply voltage (DEVDD, ADVDD, AVDD, SVDD, DVDD) Supply voltage (DOVDD) Max 3.6 5.5 3.6 40 Typ 3.3 5 3.3 Min 2.7 4.5 2.7 Units V V mA
Table 10. DC Characteristics (0C TA 85C, Voltages referenced to GND)
Symbol Supply VDD1 VDD2 IDD1
Supply current (@50Hz frame rate and 3.3V digital I/O with 25pF plus 1TTL loading on 16-bit data bus) IDD2 Supply current (VDD=3V, @50Hz frame rate without digital I/O loading, 2 ports output, and without internal charge pump) IDD3 Standby supply current Digital Inputs VIL Input voltage LOW VIH Input voltage HIGH CIN Input capacitor Digital Outputs (standard loading 25pF, 1.2K to 3V) VOH Output voltage HIGH VOL Output voltage LOW I2C Input (5K pull up + 100pF) VIL SDA and SCL (VDD2=5V) VIH SDA and SCL (VDD2=5V) VIL SDA and SCL (VDD2=3V) VIH SDA and SCL (VDD2=3V)
12
mA A V V PF V V V V V V
10 0.8
5
2 10 2.4 0.6 1.5 VDD+0.5 1 VDD+0.5 -0.5 3.0 -0.5 2.5
3.3 0 3
Table 11. AC Characteristics (TA=25C, VDD=3V)
Symbol Descriptions RGB/YCrCb Output ISO Maximum sourcing current VY DC level at zero signal YPP 100% amplitude (without sync) Sync amplitude ADC Parameters B Analog bandwidth DIFF DLE DC differential linearity error ILE DC integral linearity error Max Typ 15 1.2 1 0.4 Min Units mA V
MHz 0.5 1 LSB LSB
Table 12. Timing Characteristics
Symbol Descriptions Oscillator and Clock Input fOSC Frequency (XCLK1, XCLK2) tr , tf Clock input rise/fall time Clock input duty cycle I2C Timing (400Kbit/s) tBUF Bus free time between STOP and START tHD:SAT SCL change after START status tLOW SCL low period tHIGH SCL high period tHD:DAT Data hold time March 4, 2000 Version 1.0 Max 24 5 55 Typ 17.734 50 Min 10 45 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.6 0 Units MHz ns % ms s s s s 15
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
tSU:DAT Data setup time tSU:STP Setup time for STOP status Digital Timing tPCLK PCLK cycle time 16-bit operation 8-bit operation tr , tf PCLK rise/fall time tPDD PCLK to data valid tPHD PCLK to HREF delay 0.1 0.6 s s
112 56 15 15 20
ns ns ns ns
10
5
Table 13. Zoom Video Port AC Parameters
Symbol t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 Notes: 1. 2. Parameter PCLK fall time PCLK low time PCLK rise time PCLK high time PCLK period Y/UV/HREF setup time Y/UV/HREF hold time VSYNC setup/hold time to HREF Min 4ns 50ns 4ns 50ns 106ns 10ns 20ns 1s Max 8ns 8ns
In Interlaced Mode, there are even/odd field different (t8). When In Progressive Scan Mode, only frame timing same as Even field(t8). After VSYNC falling edge, OV6630 will output black reference level, the line number is TVS, which is the line number between the 1st HREF rising edge after VSYNC falling edge and 1st valid data CHSYNC rising edge. Then valid data, then black reference, line number is TVE, which is the line number between last valid data CHSYNC rising edge and 1st CHSYNC rising edge after VSYNC rising edge. The black reference output line number is dependent on vertical window setting. When in default setting, TVE = 14 x TLINE, which is changed with register VS[7:0]. VS[7:0] step equal to 1 line. When in default setting, TVE = 4 x TLINE for Odd Field, TVE = 3 x TLINE for Even Field, which is changed with register VE[7:0]. VE[7:0] step equal to 1 line.
3. 4.
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0.440 0.005 0.040 0.003 31 42
+0.010 0.060 -0.005 0.040 0.007 TYP
30
43
48
Bottom View
19
0.020 0.008 TYP
6
R 0.0075 4 CORNERS
18
R 0.0075 48 PLCS +0.012 0.560 SQ -0.005
7 0.085 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.065 0.007 0.030 0.002
0.036 MIN
0.430 SQ 0.005 0.350 SQ 0.005 42 42 43 31 30 31 0.020 0.002 0.002 43 30
Side View
48 1
6 6 7 18
19 19
Top View
7
0.006 MAX 0.002 TYP
18
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Array Center (10.9 mil, 13.2 mil) (276.9 m, 335.3 m)
1 DIE
Sensor Array
Package Center (0, 0)
Table 14. Ordering Information
Part Number OV6630 OV6130 Description COLOR Image Sensor, CIF, Digital, I2C Bus Control B/W Image Sensor, CIF, Digital, I2C Bus Control Package 48 pin LCC 48 pin LCC
OmniVision Technologies, Inc. reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any product herein to improve reliability, function, or design. OmniVision Technologies, Inc. does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced, in any form, without the prior written consent of OmniVision Technologies, Inc.
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3
I2C Bus
that supports up to 400 KBps serial transfer rate using a 7-bit address/data transfer protocol.
Many of the functions and configuration registers in the OV6630/OV6130 image sensors are available through the I2C interface. The I2C port is enabled by asserting the I2CB line (pin 12) through a 10K resistor to VDD. When the I2C capability is enabled (I2CB = 1), the OV6630/OV6130 imager operates as a slave device
1ST BYTE
2ND BYTE
3RD BYTE
S
SLAVE ID (7BITS)
RW
A
SUB-ADDRESS (8BITS)
A
DATA (8BITS)
A
P
START
MSB
LSB=0
ACK
ACK STOP
MASTER TRANSMIT, SLAVE RECEIVE (WRITE CYCLE) 1ST BYTE 2ND BYTE
S
SLAVE ID (7BITS)
RW
A
SUB-ADDRESS (8BITS)
A
P
START
MSB
LSB=0
ACK STOP
MASTER TRANSMIT, SLAVE RECEIVE (DUMMY WRITE CYCLE)
1ST BYTE
2ND BYTE
3RD BYTE
S
SLAVE ID (7BITS)
RW
A
DATA (8BITS)
A
DATA (8BITS)
1
P
START
MSB
LSB=1
ACK
STOP NO ACK IN LAST BYTE
MASTER RECEIVE, SLAVE TRANSMIT (READ CYCLE)
SLAVE ID - 110CCC0X CS2 (PIN 35) CS1 (PIN 37) CS0 (PIN 34) X - RW BIT, 1:READ, 0:WRITE
S - START CONDITION A - ACKNOWLEDGE BIT P - STOP CONDITION
- SLAVE TRANSMIT - MASTER TRANSMIT - MASTER INITIATE
Figure 8. I2C Bus Protocol Format
3.1
I2C Bus Protocol Format
- Place the 7-bit slave address, the RW bit, and the 8-bit subaddress on SDA The receiver must pull down SDA during the acknowledge period. During the write cycle, OV6630/OV6130 returns acknowledge and, 19
In I2C operation, the master must perform the following operations: - Generate the start/stop condition - Provide the serial clock on SCL
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during read cycle, the master returns acknowledge except the read data is the last byte. The master does not perform acknowledge if the read data is the last byte, indicates that the slave can terminate the read cycle. Note that the restart feature is not supported here. Within each byte, MSB is always transferred first. Read/write control bit is the LSB of the first byte. Standard I2C communications require only two pins: SCL and SDA. SDA is configured as open drain for bi-directional purpose. A HIGH to LOW transition on the SDA while SCL is HIGH indicates a START condition. A LOW to HIGH transition on the SDA while SCL is HIGH indicates a STOP condition. Only a master can generate START/STOP conditions. Except for these two special conditions, the protocol that SDA remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock, SCL. Each bit is allowed to change state only when SCL is LOW (See Figure * and Figure 10 below). The OV6630/OV6130 I2C supports multi-byte write and multi-byte read. The master must supply the sub-address. in the write cycle, but not in the read cycle.
SDA
DATA STABLE DATA CHANGE ALLOWED
SCL
Figure 9. Bit Transfer on the I2C Bus
RW SDA SLAVD ID SUB ADD DATA
A SCL S
A
A
P
Figure 10. Data Transfer on the I2C Bus
Therefore, OV6630/OV6130 takes the read sub-address from the previous write cycle. In multi-byte write or multi-byte read cycles, the sub-address is automatically increment after the first data byte so that continuous locations can be accessed in one bus cycle. A multi-byte cycle overwrites its original sub-address; therefore, if a read cycle immediately follows a multi-byte cycle, you must insert a single byte write cycle that provides a new sub-address. OV6630/OV6130 can be power up pin programmed to one-of-eight slave ID addresses through function pins CS[2:0] (pins 35, 37, 34, respectively).
Table 15. Slave ID Addresses
CS[2:0] WRITE ID (hex) READ ID (hex) 000 C0 C1 001 C4 C5 010 C8 C9 011 CC CD 100 D0 D1 101 D4 D5 110 D8 D9 111 DC DD
OV6630/OV6130 supports both single chip and multiple chip configurations. By asserting MULT (pin 47) to high, the sensor can be programmed for up to 8 slave ID addresses. Asserting MULT low
configures OV6630/OV6130 for single ID slave address with address C0 for writes and address C1 for reads. MULT is internally defaulted to a low condition.
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In the write cycle, the second byte in I2C bus is the sub-address for selecting the individual on-chip registers, and the third byte is the data associated with this register. Writing to unimplemented sub-address is ignored. In the read cycle, the second byte is the data associated with the previous stored sub-address. Reading of unimplemented subaddress returns unknown.
3.2
Register Set
The table below provides a list and description of available I2C registers contained in the OV6630/OV6130 image sensor.
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SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS Table 16 I2C Registers
Subaddress (hex) 00 Register GAIN Default (hex) 00 Read/ Write RW AGC gain control GC[7:6] - Unimplemented. GC[5:0] - The current gain setting. This register is updated automatically if AGC is enabled. The internal controller stores the optimal gain value in this register. The current value is stored in this register if AGC is not enabled. Blue gain control BLU[7] - "0" decrease gain, "1" increase gain. BLU[6:0] - blue channel gain balance value. Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Red gain control RED[7] - "0" decrease gain, "1" increase gain. RED[6:0] - red channel balance value. Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Color saturation control SAT[7:3] - Saturation adjustment. "F8h" is highest and "00h" is lowest. SAT[2:0] - Unimplemented. Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Reserved Contrast control CTR[7] - selects gain at the dark area. "0" - gain=0.5 and "1" - gain=1. CTR[6:4] - reserved. CTR[3:0] - Contrast adjustment. "FFh" is highest and "00h" is lowest. Brightness control BRT[7:0] - Brightness adjustment. "FFh" is highest and "00h" is lowest. Sharpness control SHP[7:4] - Coring adjustment. Range: 0~80mV with step 5mV. SHP[3:0] - Strength adjustment. Range: 0~8x with step 0.5x. Reserved White balance background: Blue channel ABLU[7:6] - rsvd ABLU[5] - "0" decrease background blue component, "1" increase background blue component ABLU[4:0] - White balance blue ratio adjustment Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. White balance background: Red channel ARED[7:6] - rsvd ARED[5] - "0" decrease background red component, "1" increase background red component ARED[4:0] - White balance red ratio adjustment Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Common control R COMR[7] - Analog signal 2x gain control bit. "1" - Additional 2x gain, "0" - normal. COMR[6:0] - Reserved. Common control S COMS[7:6] - Reserved COMS[5:4] - select the lowest signal used in automatic black level expanding (or automatic brightness). "00" - lowest, "11" - highest and image is brighter. COMS[3:2] - select highest luminance level to be available in AWB control. "00" - Version 1.0 22 Descriptions
01
BLUE
80
RW
02
RED
80
RW
03
SAT
80
RW
04 05
Rsvd 04 CTR
xx 48
- RW
06 07
BRT SHP
80 C6 xx 20
RW RW
08-0B 0C
Rsvd 08-0B ABLU
- RW
0D
ARED
20
RW
0E
COMR
0D
RW
0F
COMS
05
RW
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lowest, "11" - highest. COMS[1:0] - select lowest luminance level to be available in AWB control. "00" - lowest, "11" - highest. Automatic exposure control AEC[7:0] - Set exposure time TEX = 2 x TLINE x AEC[7:0] Clock rate control CLKRC[7:6] - Sync output polarity selection "00" - HSYNC=Neg, CHSYNC=Neg, VSYNC=Pos "01" - HSYNC=Neg, CHSYNC=Neg, VSYNC=Neg "10" - HSYNC=Pos, CHSYNC=Neg, VSYNC=Pos "11" - HSYNC=Pos, CHSYNC=Pos, VSYNC=Pos CLKRC[5:0] - Clock pre-scaler CLK = (MAIN_CLOCK / ((CLKRC[5:0] + 1) x 2)) / n Where n=1 if register [3E], COMO<7> is set to "1" and n=2 otherwise. Common control A COMA[7] - SRST, "1" initiates soft reset. All registers are set to default values and chip is reset to known state and resumes normal operation. This bit is automatically cleared after reset. COMA[6] - MIRR, "1" selects mirror image COMA[5] - AGCEN, "1" enables AGC, COMA[4] - Digital output format, "1" selects 8-bit: Y U Y V Y U Y V COMA[3] - Select video data output: "1" - select RGB, "0" - select YCrCb COMA[2] - Auto white balance "1" - Enable AWB, "0" - Disable AWB COMA[1] - Color bar test pattern: "1" - Enable color bar test pattern COMA[0] - reserved Note: COMA[3] is not programmable on the OV6130 image sensor. Common control B COMB[7:6] - reserved COMB[5] - Select data format. "1" - select 8-bit format, Y/CrCb and RGB is multiplexed to 8-bit Y bus, UV bus is tri-stated, "0" - select 16-bit format COMB[4] - "1" - enable digital output in ITU-656 format COMB[3] - CHSYNC output. "1" - horizontal sync, "0" - composite sync COMB[2] - "1" - Tri-state Y and UV busses. "0" - enable both busses COMB[1] - "1" - Initiate single frame transfer. COMB[0] - "1" - Enable auto adjust mode. Note: COMB[5] is not programmable on the OV6130 image sensor. Common control C COMC[7:6] - reserved COMC[5] - QCIF digital output format selection. 1 - 176x144; 0 - 352x288. COMC[4] - Field/Frame vertical sync output in VSYNC port selection: 1 - frame sync, only ODD field vertical sync; 0 - field vertical sync, effect in Interlaced mode COMC[3] - HREF polarity selection: 0 - HREF positive effective, 1 - HREF negative. COMC[2] - gamma selection: 1 - RGB Gamma on ; 0 - RGB gamma is 1. COMC[1:0] - reserved Common Control D COMD[7:2] - reserved bit. COMD[1] - PCLK polarity selection. "0" - OV6630/OV6130 output data at PCLK falling edge and data bus will be stable at PCLK rising edge; "1" - rising edge output data and stable at PCLK falling edge. This bit is disable and should use PCLK rising edge latch data bus in ITU-656 format (COMB[4]=1). COMD[0] - U V digital output sequence exchange control. 1 - UV UV *** for 16-bit, U Y V Y *** for 8-bit; 0 - V U V U *** for 16-bit and V Y U Y *** for 8-bit. Note: COMD[0] is not programmable on the OV6130 image sensor. Field slot division FSD[7:2] - Field interval selection. It has functional in EVEN and ODD mode defined Version 1.0 23
10
AEC
9A
RW
11
CLKRC
00
RW
12
COMA
24
RW
13
COMB
01
RW
14
COMC
00
RW
15
COMD
01
RW
16
FSD
03
RW
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by FSD[1:0]. It is disabled in OFF and FRAME mode. The purpose of FSD[7:2] is to divide the video signal into programmed number of time slots, and allows HREF to be active only one field in every FSD[7:2] fields. It does not affect the video data or pixel rate. FSD[7:2] disables digital data output, there is only black reference level at the output. FSD[7:2]=1 outputs every field. FSD[7:2]=2 outputs one field and disables one field, etc. FSD[1:0] - field mode selection. Each frame consists of two fields: Odd and Even, FSD[1:0] define the assertion of HREF in relation to the two fields. "00" - OFF mode; HREF is not asserted in both fields, one exception is the single frame transfer operation (see the description for the register 13) "01" - ODD mode; HREF is asserted in odd field only. "10" - EVEN mode; HREF is asserted in even field only. "11" - FRAME mode; HREF is asserted in both odd field and even field. FSD[7:2] disabled. Horizontal HREF start HS[7:0] - selects the starting point of HREF window, each LSB represents two pixels for CIF resolution mode, one pixels for QCIF resolution mode, this value is set based on an internal column counter, the default value corresponds to 352 horizontal window. Maximum window size is 356. See window description below. HS[7:0] programmable range is [38] - [EB], and should less than HE[7:0]. HS[7:0] should be programmable to value larger than or equal to [38]. Value larger than [EC] is invalid. See window description below. Horizontal HREF end HE[7:0] - selects the ending point of HREF window, each LSB represents two pixels for full resolution and one pixels for QCIF resolution, this value is set based on an internal column counter, the default value corresponds to the last available pixel. The HE[7:0] programmable range is [39] - [EC]. HE[7:0] should be larger than HS[7:0] and less than or equal to [EC]. Value larger than [EC] is invalid. See window description below. Vertical line start VS[7:0] - selects the starting row of vertical window, in full resolution mode, each LSB represents 1 scan line in one frame. See window description below. Min. is [03], max. is [93] and should less than VE[7:0]. Vertical line end VE[7:0] - selects the ending row of vertical window, in full resolution mode, each LSB represents 1 scan line in one frame, see window description below. Min. is [04], max. is [94] and should larger than VS[7:0]. Pixel shift PS[7:0] - to provide a way to fine tune the output timing of the pixel data relative to that of HREF, it physically shifts the video data output time late in unit of pixel clock as shown in the figure below. This function is different from changing the size of the window as defined by HS[7:0] and HE[7:0] in registers 17 and 18. Higher than default number delay the pixel output relative to HREF. The highest number is "FF" and the maximum shift number is delay 256 pixels. Manufacture ID byte: High MIDH[7:0] - read only, always returns "7F" as manufacturer's ID no. Manufacture ID byte: Low MIDL[7:0] - read only, always returns "A2" as manufacturer's ID no. Reserved Common control E COME[7] - HREF pixel number selection. "1" - HREF include 704 PCLK, every data output twice. COME[6] - reserved. COME[5] - "1" First stage aperture correction enable. Correction strength will be decided by register [07]. "0" disable first stage aperture correction. COME[4] - "1" Second stage aperture correction enable. Correction strength and threshold value will be decided by COMF[7] ~ COMF[4]. COME[3] - AWB smart mode enable. 1 - do not count pixels that their luminance level are not in the range defined in register [0F]. 0 - count all pixels to get AWB result. Valid only when COMB[0]=1 and COMA[2]=1
17
HREFST
38
RW
18
HREFEND
EA
RW
19
VSTRT
03
RW
1A
VEND
92
RW
1B
PSHFT
00
RW
1C 1D 1E-1F 20
MIDH MIDL Rsvd 1E-1F COME
7F A2 xx 00
R R RW RW
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SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
COME[2] - reserved. COME[1] - AWB fast/slow mode selection. "1" - AWB is always fast mode, that is register [01] and [02] is changed every field. "0" AWB is slow mode, [01] and [02] change every 16/ 64 field decided by COMK[1]. When AWB enable, COMA[2]=1, AWB is working as fast mode until it reaches stable, than as slow mode. COME[0] - Digital output driver capability increase selection: "1" Double digital output driver current; "0" low output driver current status. Note: COME[3] (AWB smart mode), COME[2] (AWB stop), and COME[1] (AWB fast/slow) are not programmable on the OV6130 image sensor. Y channel offset adjustment YOFF[7] - Offset adjustment direction 0 - Add Y[6:0]; 1 -Subtract Y[6:0]. YOFF[6:0] -Y channel digital output offset adjustment. Range: +127 ~ -127. If COMG[2]=0, this register will be updated by internal circuit. Write a value to this register through I2C has no effect. COMG[2]=1, Y channel offset adjustment will use the stored value which can be changed through I2C. This register has no effect to A/D output data if COMF[1]=0. If output RGB raw data, this register will adjust R/G/B data. U Channel offset adjustment UOFF[7] - Offset adjustment direction: 0 - Add U[6:0]; 1 - Subtract U[6:0]. UOFF[6:0] - U channel digital output offset adjustment. Range: +128 ~ -128. If COMG[2]=0, this register will be updated by internal circuit. Write a value to this register through I2C has no effect. COMG[2]=1, U channel offset adjustment will use the stored value which can be changed through I2C. This register has no effect to A/D output data if COMF[1]=1. If output RGB raw data, this register will adjust R/G/B data. Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Oscillator circuit control CLKC[7:6] - Select different crystal circuit power level ("11" = minimum). CLKC[5:0] - reserved Automatic exposure control: Bright pixel ratio adjustment AEW[7:0] - Used as calculate bright pixel ratio. OV6630/OV6130 AEC algorithm is count whole field bright pixel (its luminance level is higher than a fixed level) and black pixel (its luminance level is lower than a fixed level) number. When bright/black pixel ratio is same as the ratio defined by register [25] and [26], image stable. This register is used to define bright pixel ratio, default is 25%, each LSB represent step: 0.5% Change range is: [01] ~ [CA]; Increase AEW[7:0] will increase bright pixel ratio. For same light condition, the image brightness will increase if AEW[7:0] increase. Note: AEW[7:0] must combine with register [26] AEB[7:0]. The relation must be as follows: AEW[7:0] + AEB[7:0] > [CA]. Automatic Exposure Control: Black pixel ratio adjustment AEB[7:0] - used as calculate black pixel ratio. OV6630 AEC algorithm is count whole field/ frame bright pixel (its luminance level is higher than a fixed level) and black pixel (its luminance level is lower than a fixed level) number. When bright/black pixel ratio is same as the ratio defined by register [25] and [26], image stable. This register is used to define black pixel ratio, default is 80%, each LSB represent step: 0.5%; Change range is: [01] ~ [CA]; Increase AEB[7:0] will increase black pixel ratio. For same light condition, the image brightness will decrease if AEB[7:0] increase. Note: AEB[7:0] must e combined with register [25] AEW[7:0]. The relation must be as follows: AEW[7:0] + AEB[7:0] > [CA]. Common control F COMF[7:4] - reserved. COMF[3] - UV offset difference. "1" use separate offsets for U and V; "0" use one offset for both U and V. COMF[2] - Digital data MSB/LSB swap. "1" LSBbit7, MSBbit0; "0" normal.
21
YOFF
80
RW
22
UOFF
80
RW
23
CLKC
04
RW
24
AEW
33
RW
25
AEB
97
RW
26
COMF
B0
RW
March 4, 2000
Version 1.0
25
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
COMF[1] - "1" digital offset adjustment enable. "0" disable. COMF[0] - "1" Output first 4 line black level before valid data output. HREF number will increase 4 relatively. "0" no black level output. Common control G COMG[7:6] - reserved COMG[5] - Select CKOUT pin output V flag. "1" - CKOUT output V flag signal. CKOUT=1 if UV channel output V or Red. CKOUT=0 if UV channel output U or BLUE. "0" - CKOUT output buffered XCLK2 COMG[4:3] - reserved. COMG[2] - "1" digital offset adjustment manually mode enable. Digital data will be add/subtract a value defined by register [21] and [22], the contents are programmed through I2C. "0" - digital data will be added/subtract a value defined by register [21] and [22], which are updated by internal circuit. COMG[1] - Digital output full range selection. OV6630/OV6130 default output data range is [10] - [F0]. The output range changes to [01] - [FE] with signal overshoot and undershoot level if COMG[1]=1. COMG[0] - reserved. Common control H COMH[7] - "1" selects one-line RGB raw data output format, "0" selects normal twoline RGB raw data output. COMH[6] - "1" enable black/white mode. The vertical resolution will be higher than color mode when the imager works as BW mode. OV6630/OV6130 can't work at 8bit output in this mode. OV6630/OV6130 outputs data from Y port. UV port will be tri-state. COMB[5] and COMB[4] will be set to "0". "0" normal color mode. COMH[5] - reserved. COMH[4] - Freeze AEC/AGC value, effective only at COMB[0]=1. "1" - register [00] and [10] will not be updated and hold latest value. "0" - AEC/AGC normal working status. COMH[3] - AGC disable. "1" - when COMB[0]=1 and COMA[5]=1, internal circuit will not update register [00], register [00] will kept latest updated value before COMH[3]=1. "0" - when COMB0=1 and COMA[5]=1, register [00] will be updated by internal algorithm. COMH[2] - RGB raw data output YG format: "1" - Y channel G, UV channel B R; "0" - Y channel: G R G R ***, UV channel B G B G *** COMH[1] - Gain control bit. "1" channel gain increases 6dB. "0" no change to the channel gain. COMH[0] - reserved. Note: COMH[2] (RGB Raw Data) is not programmable on the OV6130 image sensor. Common control I COMI[7] - AEC disable. "1" If COMB[0]=1, AEC stop and register [10] value will be held at last AEC value and not be updated by internal circuit. "0" - if COMB[0]=1, register [10] value will be updated by internal circuit COMI[6] - Slave mode selection. "1" slave mode, use external SYNC and VSYNC; "0" master mode. COMI[5:4] - reserved COMI[3] - Central 1/4 image area rather whole image used to calculate AEC/AGC. "0" use whole image area to calculate AEC/AGC. COMI[2] - reserved COMI[1:0] - Version flag. For version A, value is [00], these two bits are read only. Frame rate adjust high FRARH[7] - Frame Rate adjustment enable bit. "1" Enable. FRARH[6] - reserved FRARH[5] - Highest 1bit of frame rate adjust control byte. See explanation below. FRARH[4] - reserved FRARH[3] - Y channel brightness adjustment enable. When COMF[2]=1 active. FRARH[2] - reserved FRARH[1] - "1" When in Frame exposure mode, only One frame data output. FRARH[0] - reserved Frame rate adjust low FRARL[7:0] - Lowest 8 bit of frame rate adjust control byte. Frame rate adjustment Version 1.0 26
27
COMG
A0
RW
28
COMH
01
RW
29
COMI
00
RW
2A
FRARH
84
RW
2B
FRARL
5E
RW
March 4, 2000
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
resolution is 0.21%. Control byte is 10 bit. Every LSB equal decrease frame rate 0.21%. Range is 0.21% - 109%. IF frame rate adjustment enable, COME[7] must set to "0". Reserved Common control J COMJ[7:5] - reserved COMJ[4] - Enable auto black expanding mode. COMJ[3] - "1" update white balance update only if AGC/AEC is stable. "0" update white balance independent with AEC/AGC. COMJ[2] - Band filter enable. After adjust frame rate to match indoor light frequency, this bit enable a different exposure algorithm to cut light band induced by fluorescent light. COMJ[1] - reserved COMJ[0] -U and V offset separate mode. "1" U and V use separate offsets. "0" U and V use same offset defined by register [2E]. V channel offset adjustment VCOFF[7] - Offset adjustment direction: "0" = Add V[6:0]; "1" = Subtract V[6:0]. VCOFF[6:0] - V channel digital output offset adjustment. Range: +128 ~ -128. If COMG[2]=0, this register will be updated by internal circuit. Write to this register through I2C has no effect. If COMG[2] =1, V channel offset adjustment will use the stored value which can be changed through I2C. If COMF[1] =1, this register has no effect to digital output data. If output RGB raw data, this register will adjust R/G/B data. Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Reserved Color processing parameter control CPP[7:6] - reserved CPP[5] - Luminance gamma on/off. "1" - luminance gamma on; "0" - luminance gamma is 1. CPP[4:0] - reserved Bias adjustment BIAS[7:6] - A/D reference level adjustment. "00" - 110% internal full signal range; "01" - 120%, "10" - 130%, "11" - 140%. BIAS[5:0] - reserved Reserved Common control K COMK[7] - HREF edge latched by PCLK falling edge. "0" HREF edge is 10 ns after PCLK rising edge. COMK[6] - Output port drive current additional 2x control bit. COMK[5] - reserved. COMK[4] - ZV port Vertical timing selection. "1" VSYNC output ZV port vertical sync signal. "0" = normal TV vertical sync signal. COMK[3] - Quick stable mode when camera mode change. After relative control bit set, the first VS will be the stable image with suitable AEC/AWB setting. "0" - slow mode, after mode change need more field/frame to get stable AEC/AWB setting image. COMK[2] - reserved COMK[1] - AWB stable time selection when in slow mode. "1" - 4 times less time needed to get stable AWB setting when in slow AWB mode. COMK[0] - reserved. Note: COMK[1] (AWB stable Time) is not programmable on the OV6130 image sensor. Common control L COML[7] - reserved COML[6] - PCLK output timing selection. "1" - PCLK valid only when HREF is high; "0" - PCLK is free running. COML[5] - reserved. COML[4] - "1" select CHSYNC output from HREF port. "0" normal COML[3] - "1" select HREF output from CHSYNC port. "0" normal
2C 2D
Rsvd 2C COMJ
88 03
RW RW
2E
VCOFF
80
RW
2F - 32 33
Rsvd 2F-32 CPP
xx 00
- RW
34
BIAS
A2
RW
35-37 38
Rsvd 35-37 COMK
80 81
RW RW
39
COML
00
RW
March 4, 2000
Version 1.0
27
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
COML[2] - Tristate all control signal output (FODD, CHSYNC, HREF, PCLK) COML[1] - Highest 1 bit of horizontal sync starting position, combined with register [3A] COML[0] - Highest 1 bit of horizontal sync ending position, combined with register [3B] Horizontal sync start position HSST[7:0] - lower 8 bit of horizontal sync starting position, combined with register bit of COML[1], total 9 bit control. range: [00] -- [FF]. HSEND[8:0] must be less than HSST[8:0] Horizontal sync end position HEND[7:0] - lower 8 bit of horizontal sync ending position, combined with register bit of COML[0], total 9 bit control. range: [00] - [FF]. HSEND[8:0] must be larger than HSST[8:0] Common control M COMM[7:5] - reserved. COMM[4] - AEC/AGC change mode selection COMM[3] - AEC/AGC change mode selection COMM[2] - AEC/AGC change fastest mode COMM[1] - AEC/AGC change fast mode COMM[0] - AEC/AGC change slowest mode Common Control N COMN[7] - Enable one frame drop when AEC change to keep data valid when Banding filter mode enable. COMN[6:4] - reserved COMN[3] - Enable 50 Hz PAL video timing, VTO analog signal can be displayed on TV COMN[2] - reserved COMN[1] - Tri-state Y and UV digital video ports in power down mode. COMN[0] - reserved Common control O COMO[7] - Input main clock divided by 2 or 4 selection. "1" -- 2; "0" -- 4 COMO[6:5] - reserved COMO[4] - Select 4-bit nibble mode output COMO[3] - reserved COMO[2] - Enable Minimum exposure time is 4 line. Default is 1 line COMO[1:0] - reserved Common control P COMP[7] - reserved COMP[6] - Output main clock output from FODD port COMP[5] - reserved COMP[4] - Soft chip power down enable, can be waked up by disable this bit COMP[3:2] - reserved COMP[1] - ITU-656 output control COMP[0] - Reset internal timing circuit without reset AEC/AGC/AWB value Reserved YUV matrix control (Main) YMXA[7:5] - reserved YMXA[4:3] - YUV/YCrCB selection: "00" U = u, V = v "01" U = 0.938u, V = 0.838v "10" U = 0.563u, V = 0.714v "11" U = 0.5u, V = 0.877v YMXA[2:0] - Reserved Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. AEC/AGC reference level ARL[7:5] - Voltage reference selection (Higher voltage = brighter final stable image) "000" = Lowest reference level "111" = Highest reference level ARL[4:0] - Reserved
3A
HSST
0F
RW
3B
HSEND
3C
RW
3C
COMM
21
RW
3D
COMN
08
RW
3E
COMO
80
RW
3F
COMP
02
RW
40-4C 4D
Rsvd 40-4C YMXA
xx 02
- RW
4E
ARL
A0
RW
March 4, 2000
Version 1.0
28
SINGLE IC CMOS COLOR AND B/W DIGITAL CAMERAS
4F YMXB 00 RW YUV matrix control (Secondary) YMXB[7:6] - Y channel delay selection: 0 ~ 3tp YMXB[5] - reserved. YMXB[4] - UV 2tp delay selection YMXB[3] - reserved. YMXB[2] - Enable UV average mode. YMXB[1:0] - Color killer control. "00" no color kill, "11" strongest. Note: This function is not available on the OV6130 image sensor. Reserved Common control Q COMQ[7] - reserved. COMQ[6] - Central 1/4 image area rather whole image used to calculate AWB. "0" uses whole image area to calculate AWB. COMQ[5] - reserved. COMQ[4] - Select smart AWB. AWB algorithm will not count pixels with strong color. COMQ[3] - Enable AWB using manual input AWB registers when AWB is switched from manual to automatic control. COMQ[2] - reserved. COMQ[1:0] - Select the maximum AGC. "00" maximum gain=6dB, step 1/16 "01" maximum gain=12dB, step 1/16 "10" maximum gain=6dB, step 1/16 "11" maximum gain=18dB, step 1/8 Reserved Internal charge pump control DBL[7] - "0" disables internal charge pump. "1" enables internal charge pump. DBL[6:4] - selects the driving capability of internal charge pump. "000" is the smallest and "111" is the strongest. DBL[3] - "1" no VSYNC in the field that is dropped. DBL[2:0] - reserved. Reserved Dark current compensation OFC[7] - reserved OFC[6] - sign bit of the offset. "0" positive offset and "1" negative offset. OFC[5:0] - add an offset before AGC to compensate the dark current. Smart color control SC[7] - reserved SC[6] - select smart color. "1" indicates the color saturation will decrease with the increase of AGC. SC[5] - select the minimum color saturation in smart color option. "0" the minimum saturation is 40% of normal value. "1" the minimum saturation is 50% of normal value. SC[4:0] - reserved. Smart AWB control SAWB[7:4] - reserved SAWB[3:2] - Lowest chrominance level to be available for AWB control. SAWB[1:0] - highest chrominance level to be available for AWB control. Reserved.
50-53 54
Rsvd 50-53 COMQ
xx 09
- RW
55-56 57
Rsvd 55-56 DBL
xx 81
RW RW
58 59
Rsvd 58 OFC
F5 00
RW RW
5A
SC
28
RW
5B
SAWB
00
RW
5C
Rsvd 5C
13
RW
March 4, 2000
Version 1.0
29

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